3 ways to measure the primary productivity are:
- The amount of Carbon dioxide used.
 - The rate of sugar formation.
 - The rate of oxygen production.
 
Some of the factors that affect the amount of oxygen dissolved in water are:
- Temperture: as water becomes warmer, its ability to hold oxygen decreases.
 - Photosynthetic activity: in bright light, aquatic plants are able to produce more oxygen.
 - Decomposition activity: as organic material decays microbial processes consume oxygen.
 - Mixing & Turbulence: wave action, waterfalls, and rapids all aerate water and increase the oxygen concentration.
 - Salinity: as water becomes more salty, its ability to hold oxygen decreases.
 
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